There are two types, one as Stingin'Away said are the generic boosters that only raise a few tenths which are pointless to use in my opinion. The others (Ex. Torco, Boostane, VP) as Bubbabiker stated use additives (mainly MMT) to increase octane, MMT is in most unleaded race gases and even in some pump gas but in much less quantity. These MMT based boosters genuinely work and can bring the Anti-Knock index up to race gas levels depending on the ratio you mix, however the MMT will leave a reddish residue on the plugs, valve terrain, cats, exhaust sensors. The long term affect of this residue is not clear on the engine but many report changing the spark plugs and O2 sensors more often. I personally believe that both options are not ideal to use on a daily basis.